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- Inicio
- Sobre la Conferencia
- Apoyos institucionales
- Programa
- Programa Día 1
- Programa Día 2
- Paneles
- Disertantes
- Tarcisio Andrade
- Luis Astorga
- Luciana Boiteux
- Manuel Cardoso
- Pedro Chequer
- Mónica Cuñarro
- Jorge da Silva
- Yago Di Nella
- Ann Fordham
- Luiz Paulo Guanabara
- Pedro Gabriel Godinho Delgado
- José Gomes Temporão
- Dirceu Greco
- Juan Carlos Hidalgo
- Javier Hourcade Bellocq
- Kasia Malinowska-Sempruch
- Monica Malta
- Bo Mathiesen
- Inés Mejía
- Pien Metaal
- Carlos Minc
- Reynaldo Molina Salvatierra
- Claudio Morgado
- Ethan Nadelmann
- Freddy Antonio Pavón Vásquez
- Jorge Ruibal Pino
- David Ruiz Villafranca
- José Serrano Salgado
- Domiciano Siqueira
- Aloíso Teixeira
- Paulo Teixeira
- Luiz Paulo Teles Ferreira Barreto
- Francisco Thoumi
- Graciela Touzé
- Paulo Vannuchi
- Pedro Vieira Abramovay
- Marcelo Vila
- Paulo Roberto Yog de Miranda Uchoa
- Mauricio Zorondo
- Moderadores
- Resúmenes de Mesa
- Boletines
- Lugar
- Conferencias anteriores
- Prensa
- Inscripción
- Información útil
- Acerca de Rio de Janeiro
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Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 50
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Resumen de Mesa
Para una política de drogas adecuada, hace falta un enfoque que respete los derechos humanos
En el marco de la II Conferencia Latinoamericana y I Conferencia Brasileña sobre Políticas de Drogas que se está llevando a cabo en Río de Janeiro, se realizó el panel denominado Derechos humanos y políticas de drogas, que tuvo como disertantes a destacados especialistas y funcionarios de diversos países.
(Jueves 26/08/10; 10:00 a 12:00) La II Conferencia Latinoamericana sobre Políticas de Drogas se puso en marcha. Luego de la apertura del encuentro, tuvo lugar el panel acerca de Derechos humanos y políticas de drogas, donde participaron Pedro Vieira Abramovay, Secretario Nacional de Justicia del Ministerio de Justicia de Brasil, Jorge da Silva, miembro de la Comisión Brasileña sobre Drogas y Democracia y ex Secretario de Estado de Derechos Humanos de Rio de Janeiro (2003-2006), Claudio Morgado, Presidente del Instituto Nacional contra la Discriminación, la Xenofobia y el Racismo (INADI) del Ministerio de Justicia, Seguridad y Derechos Humanos de la República Argentina, y Kasia Malinowska-Sempruch (Polonia), Directora del Programa Global sobre Políticas de Drogas del Open Society Institute (OSI). El moderador fue Rubem César Fernandes, Director ejecutivo de Viva Rio y Secretario Ejecutivo de la Comisión Brasileña sobre Drogas y Democracia.
La legislación brasileña todavía tiene deficiencias evidentes
Según afirmó Pedro Vieira Abramovay, “la legislación brasilera atravesó el prejuicio pero tiene deficiencias evidentes todavía. Las personas que van presas en el 70 por ciento de los casos están desarmadas, no tienen ningún vínculo con el crimen organizado y estaban solas. Entonces, a pesar de la nueva ley, se termina penalizando de manera severa a las personas que no son traficantes”.
“Hay un límite entre el tráfico y el consumo. Sin embargo, una persona que va a ser considerada finalmente como consumidora, si la policía dice al comienzo del proceso que era narcotraficante, tendrá que estar todo el proceso encarcelada. Y así, una persona que no tenía vínculo antes con el crimen organizado, lo hará en la cárcel a partir por una violación de los derechos humanos. Este es un debate prohibido dentro del debate. Por eso es importante esta Conferencia, porque pone el dedo en la llaga y enfrenta el problema de frente.”
Contra las políticas represivas
A su turno, Jorge da Silva relató su experiencia en la policía militar, y cómo fue descubriendo las políticas represivas no constituyen la manera adecuada de abordar el tema drogas. “En mis tiempos de policía militar, yo creía que los usuarios de drogas debían ser reprimidos igual que los traficantes. Ahora he cambiado de opinión”, expresó.
Luego se refirió a la experiencia de Portugal, que implementó algunas medidas despenalizadoras en 2001. “Todos pensaba que habría un aumento total del consumo -señaló Da Silva-. Y eso no ocurrió. Teniendo en cuenta que el objetivo de las políticas globales de la guerra contra las drogas era acabar con las drogas, tendría que pensar que realmente no es gente ingenua.”
Finalemente, manifestó su “apoyo de forma radical” a las campañas de descriminalización de la marihuana porque “por algún lado tenemos que empezar”.
El estigma del “adicto”
Claudio Morgado se manifestó contra el enfoque que toma los aspectos sociales como factores de riesgo y no como parte constitutiva del problema. Explicó, además, que “el estigma del ‘adicto’ desaloja de la persona su identidad: hombre, mujer, amigo, amante. La consecuencia de esto es un abordaje que favorece el rechazo social”.
El funcionario argentino abogó por “el reconocimiento de las personas usuarias con uso problemático de drogas legales e ilegales como sujetos de derechos. Las políticas públicas, estrategias y acciones deben favorecer su autonomía y respeto de derechos humanos.”
Por último, dijo que el organismo que encabeza, el INADI, “apoya el proyecto de ley de salud mental que tiene media sanción, que en su artículo 4 dice que las personas usuarias de drogas tienen todos los mismos derechos que todas las demás contempladas en la ley. Es una legislación no discriminatoria que esperamos avance.”
Salud pública y reducción de daños
Kasia Malinowska-Sempruch puntualizó que “cuando pensamos en políticas sobre drogas no pensamos apenas en políticas de justicia criminal. Es importante darnos cuenta que la cuestion abarca también la salud pública y la reducción de daños. Cuando hay políticas de otras áreas, ellas se relacionan con las drogas. Cuando hablamos de políticas de drogas, también hablamos de otras cuestiones relacionadas.”
“No podemos enfocarnos en políticas basadas en la abstinencia. Si la abstinencia es el único resultado deseado, no tendremos acceso a la metadona, por ejemplo. No importa que el tratamiento con metadona permita que los usuarios de opioides vuelvan a trabajar, no importa que se reduzca el sufrimiento de los familiares, no importa que abra las puertas para el usuario: como la metadona no lleva a la abstinencia, no será ofrecida en tratamientos”, planteó.
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