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- Inicio
- Sobre la Conferencia
- Apoyos institucionales
- Programa
- Programa Día 1
- Programa Día 2
- Paneles
- Disertantes
- Tarcisio Andrade
- Luis Astorga
- Luciana Boiteux
- Manuel Cardoso
- Pedro Chequer
- Mónica Cuñarro
- Jorge da Silva
- Yago Di Nella
- Ann Fordham
- Luiz Paulo Guanabara
- Pedro Gabriel Godinho Delgado
- José Gomes Temporão
- Dirceu Greco
- Juan Carlos Hidalgo
- Javier Hourcade Bellocq
- Kasia Malinowska-Sempruch
- Monica Malta
- Bo Mathiesen
- Inés Mejía
- Pien Metaal
- Carlos Minc
- Reynaldo Molina Salvatierra
- Claudio Morgado
- Ethan Nadelmann
- Freddy Antonio Pavón Vásquez
- Jorge Ruibal Pino
- David Ruiz Villafranca
- José Serrano Salgado
- Domiciano Siqueira
- Aloíso Teixeira
- Paulo Teixeira
- Luiz Paulo Teles Ferreira Barreto
- Francisco Thoumi
- Graciela Touzé
- Paulo Vannuchi
- Pedro Vieira Abramovay
- Marcelo Vila
- Paulo Roberto Yog de Miranda Uchoa
- Mauricio Zorondo
- Moderadores
- Resúmenes de Mesa
- Boletines
- Lugar
- Conferencias anteriores
- Prensa
- Inscripción
- Información útil
- Acerca de Rio de Janeiro
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Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 52
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Resumen de Mesa
Descriminalizar y brindar servicios de salud sin condiciones
Evitar la persecución penal de los usuarios de drogas es el primer paso para lograr el protagonismo de las políticas sociales y de salud. En el Panel “Políticas socio-sanitarias” se presentaron las experiencias de Portugal y Brasil, con una revisión crítica de logros y desafíos.
(Jueves 27/08/10; 16:15 a 17:45)¿Cómo se traducen los discursos innovadores y respetuosos de los derechos humanos en políticas sociales y de salud para los usuarios de drogas? A partir de esta pregunta, en la mesa sobre “Políticas socio-sanitarias” se presentaron la experiencia de descriminalización de todas las drogas ocurrida en Portugal en 2002, que estuvo a cargo de Manuel Cardoso, miembro del Consejo Directivo del Instituto de Droga y Toxicomanía de ese país; Luciana Boiteux, integrante del Consejo Consultivo de la Red Brasileña de Reducción de Daños y Derechos Humanos (REDUC) y Pedro Gabriel Godinho Delgado, coordinador de Salud Mental, Alcohol y otras Drogas del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil.
Cardoso, co-responsable del proceso de descriminalización en Portugal, explicó que en la década de 1980, cuando comenzaron a investigar los consumos de los usuarios de drogas, los estudios señalaban que el 89 por ciento consumía heroína, el 50 por ciento en forma inyectable. Después se produjo una incorporación de marihuana y las drogas se constituyó en un tema penal. En 1999 se construyó la primera estrategia integral, que continúa hasta la actualidad: en 2000 se aprobó la ley de descriminalización y en 2001 comenzó a funcionar un organismo específico.
“El primer gran marco de trabajo es tratamiento para todos, sea que vengan o los vayamos a buscar; el segundo es políticas innovadoras, como la reducción de daños”, explicó Cardoso, quien señaló además que los guían dos principios: humanismo y pragmatismo, no negar atención a nadie y usar los métodos científicamente probados.
Por su parte, Luciana Boiteux, quien además es coordinadora del grupo de investigaciones sobre Políticas de Drogas y Derechos Humanos de la Facultad Nacional de Derecho de la Universidad Federal de Rio de Janeiro, señaló que el 70 por ciento de las personas detenidas por narcotráfico son varones pobres, detenidos solos en la vía pública, sin armas y con pequeñas cantidades de sustancias. A partir de estos datos, criticó las políticas represivas porque “son inefectivas en la reducción de los problemas asociados a las drogas; la represión a los traficantes sirve como pretexto para mayor intervención policial”.
Boiteux señaló que las operaciones en Río de Janeiro “son contraproducentes, pues no inhiben el mercado ilícito pero sí traen mucha muerte”. Y concluyó: “Las actuales políticas son inefectivas, pero hay una parte de la burocracia internacional que está acomodada con la situación actual, por eso no cambia”.
El coordinador del Programa de Salud Mental del Ministerio de Salud del Brasil, Pedro Gabriel Godinho Delgado, reconoció que, a pesar de que el sistema de salud de Brasil tiene como principio básico la universalidad, inclusive para los toxicodependientes,”lo cierto es que el mismo sector salud se rehúsa a prestar servicio cuando los usuarios no se comprometen con la interrupción del uso de drogas, la consecuencia de esto es que los usuarios no se acercan al sistema”.
Por eso, Godinho Delgado considera que existen dos grandes líneas de trabajo: 1) convencer al sector salud y a la sociedad entera de que debe atraerse al usuario al sistema de salud y para esto las terapias no pueden basarse en condiciones de abandono total, porque esto se convierte en un “chantaje”; 2) brindar tratamientos no obligatorios e integrales, no sólo de salud sino de todas las áreas necesarias para disminuir la vulnerabilidad social que empuja a mucha gente a usar ciertas drogas.
El moderador de la mesa, el secretario general de la Junta Nacional de Drogas del Uruguay, Milton Romani, señaló que las estrategias socio-sanitarias presentadas en la mesa para la atención de usuarios de drogas coincidieron en señalar la necesidad de llevar el tema de las drogas al campo de la salud, descriminalización de los usuarios y atención universal sin estigma ni discriminación como requisitos para lograr respuestas efectivas.
