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- Inicio
- Sobre la Conferencia
- Apoyos institucionales
- Programa
- Programa Día 1
- Programa Día 2
- Paneles
- Disertantes
- Tarcisio Andrade
- Luis Astorga
- Luciana Boiteux
- Manuel Cardoso
- Pedro Chequer
- Mónica Cuñarro
- Jorge da Silva
- Yago Di Nella
- Ann Fordham
- Luiz Paulo Guanabara
- Pedro Gabriel Godinho Delgado
- José Gomes Temporão
- Dirceu Greco
- Juan Carlos Hidalgo
- Javier Hourcade Bellocq
- Kasia Malinowska-Sempruch
- Monica Malta
- Bo Mathiesen
- Inés Mejía
- Pien Metaal
- Carlos Minc
- Reynaldo Molina Salvatierra
- Claudio Morgado
- Ethan Nadelmann
- Freddy Antonio Pavón Vásquez
- Jorge Ruibal Pino
- David Ruiz Villafranca
- José Serrano Salgado
- Domiciano Siqueira
- Aloíso Teixeira
- Paulo Teixeira
- Luiz Paulo Teles Ferreira Barreto
- Francisco Thoumi
- Graciela Touzé
- Paulo Vannuchi
- Pedro Vieira Abramovay
- Marcelo Vila
- Paulo Roberto Yog de Miranda Uchoa
- Mauricio Zorondo
- Moderadores
- Resúmenes de Mesa
- Boletines
- Lugar
- Conferencias anteriores
- Prensa
- Inscripción
- Información útil
- Acerca de Rio de Janeiro
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Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 50
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 52
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 54
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Resumen de mesa
El protagonismo de los usuarios de drogas en las estrategias de atención
Prevención, tratamientos para el consumo problemático, reducción de daños e integración social se debatieron en el panel sobre “Atención integral a usuarios de drogas”. ¿Qué propuestas existen para mejorar el acceso y la calidad de los servicios? ¿Cuáles son los desafíos? Aquí, las experiencias de Chile, Colombia, Brasil y la voz de los mismos usuarios de drogas.
(Viernes 27/08/10; 11:30 a 13:00)Puertas abiertas, cercanía y territorio. Estas tres palabras atravesaron todas las presentaciones del panel “Atención integral a usuarios de drogas” en la mañana del viernes 27, durante el debate protagonizado por Mauricio Zorondo, integrante de la Red Americana de Intervención en Situaciones de Sufrimiento Social (RAISSS) en representación de Chile; Inés Elvira Mejía Motta, coordinadora de la Unidad de Gestión de la Política Nacional para la Reducción del Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas de Colombia; Denise Serafim, representante del Departamento de ITS, Sida y Hepatitis Virales del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil y Domiciano Siqueira, representante de la Asociación Brasileña de Reductoras y Reductores de Daños (ABORDA), con moderación de Jorge Hernández Tinajero, presidente del Colectivo por una Política Integral hacia las Drogas (CUPIHD).
Chile: disminuir la distancia social
En Chile, desde la Escuela Nacional de Estudios y Formación en Abordaje de Adicciones y Situaciones críticas asociadas (EFAD) se realizó un estudio sobre el acceso a servicios de salud de usuarios de drogas que reveló que el 80 % de usuarios que requerían atención no la estaban recibiendo. Maurizio Zorondo, secretario ejecutivo de la institución a cargo del estudio señaló que el problema central era que “el sistema es lejano a las personas, con muchos requisitos para acceder al servicio”.
Para revertir esta situación desarrollaron una estrategia con tres criterios: 1) disminuir la distancia social; 2) dejar de enfocarse en los problemas y evaluar qué recursos hay en la comunidad y 3) ubicarse en el lugar del otro, “y no intentar cambiarlo sino acompañarlo en la búsqueda de sus propias soluciones para disminuir su sufrimiento”, explicó. El trabajo del equipo, desde la perspectiva RAISSS, consiste en “abandonar la lógica de que la gente vendrá al centro, trabajar en la calle, sentarse en las esquinas a conversar con las personas y activar a toda la comunidad para establecer redes sociales que se apoyan unos a otros”.
Colombia: disminuir la demanda
El 79,2 por ciento del presupuesto para temas de drogas en Colombia se destina a reducir la oferta (la lucha contra el narcotráfico) y apenas el 2,8 por ciento a reducir la demanda (estrategias de atención). Así lo aseveró Inés Elvira Mejía Motta, quien además de coordinar la dependencia a cargo de la asistencia es asesora del Ministerio de Protección Social de ese país.
En 2006 se definió la atención a usuarios de drogas como un asunto de salud mental y prioridad de salud pública, “lo que trajo recursos económicos y sociales para ir a las comunidades y ofrecer un tratamiento”, explicó. El abordaje es similar al presentado por Chile: respetar la autonomía del usuario de drogas y fortalecer las redes sociales. Una particularidad del país es que, la tenencia para consumo personal, descriminalizada en 1994, volvió a penalizarse a partir del gobierno del ex presidente Álvaro Uribe, “lo que resulta un barrera de acceso a la atención”, concluyó.
Brasil: disminuir el estigma
¿Por qué falla la atención a usuarios de drogas? Con esa pregunta como eje, el Departamento de ITS, Sida y Hepatitis Virales del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil hizo un diagnóstico que reveló, entre otras dificultades, el pudor de ambas partes, “entre profesional que no se atreve a preguntar y el usuario que no se atreve a decir que bebe alcohol u otras sustancias”, señaló Denise Serafim, representante del organismo.
A partir reconocer esta dificultad, comenzaron una estrategia que incluye: atención de usuarios de drogas en servicios básicos de salud las 24 horas y no de 8 a 17 como era antes, consultorios callejeros en los barrios y, al decir de la funcionaria “otras estrategias para acercar al profesional de salud a la escena real”.
Usuarios de drogas: tratamientos de puertas abiertas
“Hay distintos puntos de vista sobre el usuario de drogas: la salud ve el uso de drogas como una enfermedad, la justicia como un delito y la religión como un pecado. Mi propuesta es que la ciudadanía vea el uso de drogas como un derecho”, planteó Domiciano Siqueira, representante de la Asociación Brasileña de Reductoras y Reductores de Daños (ABORDA) al abrir su presentación. “El cuerpo es de cada uno de nosotros y todo lo que pasa de la piel hacia adentro es nuestro”, reclamó.
Sobre las exposiciones de sus colegas de mesas, señaló: “He escuchado muchas conferencias hablando de que el tratamiento tiene que ser digno, cercano, pero para mí el tratamiento tiene que tener, en resumen, las puertas abiertas: sin condiciones”.
Y, para cerrar, realizó una reflexión sobre la legalización de la tenencia para consumo personal desde un punto de vista poco frecuente: “Yo no estoy en contra, pero sí es importante pensar qué va a pasar cuando al legalizar las drogas todos los millones de personas que viven de vender al minoreo queden desempleadas”.
En el cierre de la mesa, su moderador Jorge Hernández Tinajero, del CUPIHD, propuso revisar el protagonismo que se da a las usuarias y usuarios de drogas en las estrategias de atención, como camino indispensable “para alcanzar una atención desde los derechos humanos y el respeto por las decisiones de cada persona”.
