Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-settings.php on line 512

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Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Page::start_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::start_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1199

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Page::end_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::end_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1199

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Page::start_el() should be compatible with Walker::start_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1199

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Page::end_el() should be compatible with Walker::end_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1199

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_PageDropdown::start_el() should be compatible with Walker::start_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1244

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category::start_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::start_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1391

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category::end_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::end_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1391

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category::start_el() should be compatible with Walker::start_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1391

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category::end_el() should be compatible with Walker::end_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1391

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_CategoryDropdown::start_el() should be compatible with Walker::start_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1442

Strict Standards: Redefining already defined constructor for class wpdb in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/wp-db.php on line 306

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/cache.php on line 103

Strict Standards: Redefining already defined constructor for class WP_Object_Cache in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/cache.php on line 431

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Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Comment::start_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::start_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/comment-template.php on line 1266

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Comment::end_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::end_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/comment-template.php on line 1266

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Comment::start_el() should be compatible with Walker::start_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/comment-template.php on line 1266

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Comment::end_el() should be compatible with Walker::end_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/comment-template.php on line 1266

Strict Standards: Redefining already defined constructor for class WP_Dependencies in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/class.wp-dependencies.php on line 31

Strict Standards: Redefining already defined constructor for class WP_Http in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/http.php on line 61

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category_Checklist::start_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::start_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-admin/includes/template.php on line 430

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category_Checklist::end_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::end_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-admin/includes/template.php on line 430

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category_Checklist::start_el() should be compatible with Walker::start_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-admin/includes/template.php on line 430

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category_Checklist::end_el() should be compatible with Walker::end_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-admin/includes/template.php on line 430

Strict Standards: call_user_func_array() expects parameter 1 to be a valid callback, non-static method GoogleSitemapGeneratorLoader::Enable() should not be called statically in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/plugin.php on line 339
Comunicado 13 (RM) | Press release 13 (RM) | Comunicado 13 (RM) « Conferencia Drogas
Deprecated: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/kses.php on line 1002

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Warning: Creating default object from empty value in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-content/plugins/menubar/wpm-tree.php on line 182

Warning: Creating default object from empty value in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-content/plugins/menubar/wpm-menu.php on line 130

Warning: Creating default object from empty value in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-content/plugins/menubar/wpm-tree.php on line 182

Warning: Creating default object from empty value in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-content/plugins/menubar/wpm-tree.php on line 182

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Warning: Creating default object from empty value in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-content/plugins/menubar/wpm-menu.php on line 130

Warning: Creating default object from empty value in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-content/plugins/menubar/wpm-tree.php on line 182

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Warning: mktime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 41

Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 50

Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 52

Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 54

Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 55

Warning: mktime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 41

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Painel: Consequências da guerra contra as drogas

Uma guerra que ninguém ganha e muitos perdem

Prisões superlotadas, lavagem de dinheiro, aumento da pobreza e insegurança de populações rurais por conta da erradicação forçada de cultivos, problemas ambientais e de saúde devido a fumigações aéreas. Estas são algumas das consequências na América Latina da implantação, durante mais de duas décadas, das chamadas políticas de “guerra contra as drogas”. Como enfrentar esses problemas? Como revertê-los?

(Sexta-feira 27/08/10, 14h30 a 16h00) O debate sobre se são os fatores econômicos estruturais da América Latina ou os aspectos culturais de suas sociedades o que permite a instalação e o fortalecimento do narcotráfico e do crime organizado na região foi o eixo da mesa “Guerra contra as drogas”. Assim resumiu seu moderador, o boliviano Diego Giacoman Aramayo, especialista na problemática da folha de coca e narcotráfico.

Participaram do painel o colombiano Francisco Thoumi, economista de posição firme sobre as questões culturais e morais, o americano Juan Carlos Hidalgo, que apresentou o impacto do plano econômico, o boliviano Reynaldo Molina Salvatierra, que falou das alternativas econômicas na produção de coca e a coordenadora do programa sobre reformas das leis de drogas do Transnational Institute (TNI) Pien Metaal, dos Países Baixos.

A cultura, a moral e a economia

Existe necessariamente uma relação entre narcotráfico e violência? Quais são os fatores que levam o narcotráfico a crescer em uma sociedade e se tornar violento? Essas perguntas guiaram a apresentação do colombiano Francisco Thoumi, economista da Universidade de Minnesota e pesquisador especialista em economia política das drogas e do crime. “Há fatores que propiciaram a instalação da produção de cocaína na Colômbia”, afirmou.

Entre esses fatores, enumerou: a selva tropical úmida, o conhecimento do refino da cocaína, o acesso aos insumos químicos, a capacidade de desenvolver redes internacionais para o tráfico e a sociedade em conflito. Thoumi explicou que “são condições, mas isso não significa que o problema surgirá”.

Logo depois, afirmou que “as políticas tradicionais não resolvem esse problema e outras políticas reforçam os fatores que causam o problema”, e definiu as propostas de legalização como “políticas parciais” que incidem apenas sobre um dos aspectos. “Para pensar uma política que resolva o problema do narcotráfico e da violência, é preciso harmonizar a lei, a cultura e a moral. O verdadeiro desafio para a Colômbia não é legalizar as drogas, mas sim legalizar a Colômbia - isso quer dizer, estabelecer o império da lei no país”, afirmou.

‘A questão não é fazer boas leis, o que se precisa fazer é resolver o conflito entre a norma legal e as normas das leis sociais, porque há distorções”, disse Thoumi, que deu como exemplo o caso dos assassinos de aluguel em seu país, que acabam justificando seus crimes dentro de seu grupo social. “O individualismo moral profundo que há na Colômbia faz com que muitas pessoas não se importem com o efeito que suas ações têm sobre outras pessoas”, concluiu.

O negócio do narcotráfico: 320 bilhões

Juan Carlos Hidalgo, coordenador de Projetos para a América Latina do Centro para a Liberdade e Prosperidade Global (Cato Institute, Washington), apresentou um histórico do fracasso da guerra contra as drogas e citou como exemplo o preço da cocaína: “1 quilo na Colômbia vale US$ 1.600, quando chega ao Panamá está em US$ 2.500, na fronteira mexicana sobe a US$ 13 mil, nos Estados Unidos está a US$ 20 mil e no varejo americano, US$ 97 mil o quilo”.

De acordo com cifras das Nações Unidas, o tráfico anual de drogas ilícitas move US$ 320 bilhões. “Nesse sentido, é um problema econômico, ainda que suas causas tenham diversas facetas, mas é importante pensar em uma solução para o tema econômico, pois é o que vai destravar a discussão”, advertiu Hidalgo.

Uma indústria lícita da folha de coca

Por sua vez, o boliviano Reynaldo Molina Salvatierra, coordenador geral do Programa de Apoio ao Controle Social da Produção da Folha de Coca, reforçou esta perspectiva econômica: “se não fosse um negócio produtivo, não haveria alcançado as dimensões que alcançou”.

A Bolívia está trabalhando em uma nova política nacional de luta contra o narcotráfico e de reivindicação da folha de coca, agora não mais a partir de diretrizes impostas, mas sim de sua própria realidade. Parte desse plano consiste em fazer um censo dos cultivadores de folha de coca e dos cultivos e permitir os usos lícitos da coca, como alimentos e remédio, entre cujos benefícios Salvatierra mencionou o de que “18% da composição da coca são proteínas equiparáveis às da carne, mas sem o colesterol e o ácido úrico”.

Outros componentes da política nacional sobre drogas são: 1) Prevenção e tratamento de dependências, “especialmente de álcool, já que na Bolívia quase não há consumo de outras substâncias”, esclareceu o especialista; 2) Luta contra o narcotráfico com orçamento do Estado Nacional; e 3) Controle social da produção de coca, “já que a mesma comunidade sabe da produção e quando o uso será lícito ou não”, concluiu Salvatierra.

Criminalização, a principal consequência

O encerramento do painel esteve a cargo de Pien Metaal, dos Países Baixos, membro da equipe Drogas e Democracia e coordenadora do programa sobre reformas das leis de drogas do Transnational Institute (TNI). Ela se concentrou na criminalização como uma das principais consequências da implantação durante mais de 20 anos do paradigma de guerra contra as drogas na América Latina.

Metaal anunciou que em breve serão publicados os resultados de um amplo estudo em oito países sobre drogas e prisões: “Na pesquisa que estamos fazendo na América Latina, encontramos uma situação endêmica: existem violações de Direitos Humanos justificadas pela guerra às drogas, nas quais ninguém ganha e muitos perdem”.