Postdoctoral, Institut des Hautes Études de l´Amérique latine, 2006-2007. PhD in Political Science (1988-1992) and a Diploma in International Relations (1988-1989) from the University of Sorbonne. Masters in Political, Economic and International Problem Analysis, Instituto de Altos Estudios para el Desarrollo, 1985 – 1988. BA in History, Bogotá, 1984. Professor at the Institute for Political Studies and International Relations of the Universidad Nacional in Colombia, 1992-2009. Columnist for El Tiempo Newspaper since 2009. Author of numerous books and articles.