Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-settings.php on line 512

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Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Page::start_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::start_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1199

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Page::end_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::end_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1199

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Page::start_el() should be compatible with Walker::start_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1199

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Page::end_el() should be compatible with Walker::end_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1199

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_PageDropdown::start_el() should be compatible with Walker::start_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1244

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category::start_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::start_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1391

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category::end_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::end_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1391

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category::start_el() should be compatible with Walker::start_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1391

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category::end_el() should be compatible with Walker::end_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1391

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_CategoryDropdown::start_el() should be compatible with Walker::start_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/classes.php on line 1442

Strict Standards: Redefining already defined constructor for class wpdb in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/wp-db.php on line 306

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/cache.php on line 103

Strict Standards: Redefining already defined constructor for class WP_Object_Cache in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/cache.php on line 431

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Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Comment::start_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::start_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/comment-template.php on line 1266

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Comment::end_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::end_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/comment-template.php on line 1266

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Comment::start_el() should be compatible with Walker::start_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/comment-template.php on line 1266

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Comment::end_el() should be compatible with Walker::end_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/comment-template.php on line 1266

Strict Standards: Redefining already defined constructor for class WP_Dependencies in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/class.wp-dependencies.php on line 31

Strict Standards: Redefining already defined constructor for class WP_Http in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/http.php on line 61

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category_Checklist::start_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::start_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-admin/includes/template.php on line 430

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category_Checklist::end_lvl() should be compatible with Walker::end_lvl(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-admin/includes/template.php on line 430

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category_Checklist::start_el() should be compatible with Walker::start_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-admin/includes/template.php on line 430

Strict Standards: Declaration of Walker_Category_Checklist::end_el() should be compatible with Walker::end_el(&$output) in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-admin/includes/template.php on line 430

Strict Standards: call_user_func_array() expects parameter 1 to be a valid callback, non-static method GoogleSitemapGeneratorLoader::Enable() should not be called statically in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/plugin.php on line 339
Comunicado 11 (RM) |Press release 11 (RM) | Comunicado 11 (RM) « Conferencia Drogas
Deprecated: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/kses.php on line 1002

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Warning: Creating default object from empty value in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-content/plugins/menubar/wpm-menu.php on line 130

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Warning: Creating default object from empty value in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-content/plugins/menubar/wpm-menu.php on line 130

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Warning: Creating default object from empty value in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-content/plugins/menubar/wpm-tree.php on line 182

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Warning: Creating default object from empty value in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-content/plugins/menubar/wpm-tree.php on line 182

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Warning: mktime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 41

Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 50

Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 52

Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 54

Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 55

Warning: mktime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /home/lista/public_html/2010/wp-includes/functions.php on line 41

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Da guerra contra as drogas ao seu impacto nos usuários

A complexidade das drogas não pode ser entendida se não é abordada nas suas varias faces. Por um lado, produção e tráfico, forças armadas e corrupção política. Por outro, pobreza e desigualdade social, condições estruturais das sociedades latino-americanas. Entre ambos, as políticas sociais e econômicas de cada país da região. A mesa “Determinantes estruturais dos problemas associados às drogas” procurou reunir todas estas faces num mesmo painel.  Ethan Nadelmann, dos Estados Unidos, Luis Astorga do México e os brasileiros Tarcisio Matos de Andrade e Monica Malta aceitaram o desafio.

“A mudança virá da América Latina”. Assim começou sua apresentação Ethan Nadelmann, PhD pela universidade de Harvard e fundador e diretor executivo da Drug Policy Alliance (DPA), durante a mesa “Determinantes estruturais dos problemas associados às drogas”. Nadelmann disse que os Estados Unidos “impôs durante cem anos sua visão sobre as drogas, por isso existe a falsa crença que devem se mudar as leis nos Estados Unidos primeiro, mas isso não é verdade”. E colocou como exemplo a Comissão Latino-Americana sobre as Drogas e Democracia, porque “por primeira vez ex-presidentes se atrevem a questionar a proibição, propõem claramente da descriminalização da maconha e promovem as medidas de redução de danos”.

Nadelman ressaltou os resultados da iniciativa das Unidades de Polícia pacificadoras no Rio de Janeiro (programa para recuperar o controle territorial nas favelas dominadas por traficantes armados) e as medidas de inclusão social impulsionadas pelo ex-prefeito Sergio Fajardo em Medelín (Colômbia), mas advertiu que “devem ser constantes e não podem ignorar o tema da ilegalidade das drogas, porque enquanto exista o mercado negro que financia o crime organizado será difícil acabar com a violência”.

Além disso, esclareceu que as mudanças em matéria de drogas em seu país se concentram sobre os direitos dos usuários e sobre como abordar a superpopulação carcerária já que dois milhões e meio de pessoas estão presas por delito de drogas.

Vínculo entre narcotráfico e partidos políticos

A situação no México a partir da chamada luta contra o narcotráfico, dramática e inédita em termos de mortes, foi analisada por Luis Astorga, investigador no Instituto de investigações Sociais da universidade Nacional Autônoma do México, quem apresentou uma linha histórica para demonstrar “o vínculo que sempre houve entre o narcotráfico e os diferentes partidos políticos, e essa conivência é o que faz difícil qualquer mudança”.

O especialista que além de coordenador da cátedra UNESCO “transformações econômicas e sociais e sociais relacionadas com o problema internacional das drogas”, apresentou os pontos geográficos onde se concentra mais a violência e afirmou que seu país “tem que fazer muito trabalho interno para encontrar as soluções, mas grande parte deve ser resolvida de maneira integrada a nível regional como uma profunda modificação das políticas de drogas a nível mundial”.

Estigma e discriminação de classe

Na sua vez, Tarcisio Matos de Andrade, professor da faculdade de medicina da universidade federal da Bahia e coordenador do serviço de extensão “aliança de redução de danos Fátima Cavalcanti” se concentrou nos condicionantes ligados à estigmatização. Colocou como exemplo a campanha vigente em Salvador, Bahia que se chama “Crack: prisão ou caixão”. “O que nos diz esta mensagem? Que a sociedade só tem para oferecer ao usuário de drogas a morte ou a prisão”, disse. E advertiu que “se bem o consumo de drogas é atribuído a todas as classes sociais, os tratamentos são só para as classes mais privilegiadas”.

Matos de Andrade disse ainda que “no Brasil temos pensada a redução de danos de maneira paternalista. Não é possível ter programas de redução de danos sem conviver com os usuários, sem conhecer sua realidade, e sem trabalhar com eles na construção das políticas públicas das quais serão beneficiados”

Mais vulneráveis entre as populações vulneráveis

Finalmente, Monica Malta, da Fundação Instituto Osvaldo Cruz (FIOCruz), especializada em investigações cientificas sobre saúde disse que é uma dificuldade conhecer em profundidade a situação da população usuária de drogas porque devido à estigmatização associada ao uso de drogas, “a maioria não declara seu comportamento numa entrevista com um investigador, especialmente quando se trata de usuários de drogas, que se sentem coibidos diante um entrevistador que é muito diferente a eles”.

Por este motivo, desde FIOCruz aplicam o método Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS), onde o investigador é da comunidade e chama outros amigos, que por sua vez chamam a outros com o qual se monta um grupo mais heterogêneo. Com esta metodologia entrevistaram em dez municípios a 3.500 usuários de drogas.

Assim chegaram à conclusão de que no Brasil os usuários de drogas injetáveis que vivem com HIV são uma população mais vulnerável que outras pessoas que vivem com o vírus, porque acessam menos aos serviços de saúde. Matos concluiu: “Brasil é conhecido mundialmente pela sua resposta ao HIV/AIDS, mas a população de usuários de drogas não acessam a estes benefícios”.

No encerramento, Vera Da Ros, mediadora da mesa, apontou como pode ser traçada uma linha de continuidade entre as forças estruturais de definição de políticas sobre tráfico de drogas e reconhecer seu impacto na situação particular dos usuários de drogas. A situação global e macroestrutural se traduz em maior vulnerabilidade.